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The name ''Australia'' (pronounced in Australian English,〔Australian pronunciations: ''Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition'' (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3〕) is derived from the Latin ''australis'', meaning "southern", and specifically from the hypothetical ''Terra Australis'' postulated in pre-modern geography. The name was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders from 1804, and it has been in official use since 1817, replacing "New Holland" as the name for the continent. ==History== A ''Terra Australis'' "land of the south" appeared on world maps from the 15th century, although it was not based on any actual surveying of such a landmass but rather on the hypothesis that continents in the Northern Hemisphere should be balanced by land in the south.〔John Noble Wilford: The Mapmakers, the Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to Space Age, p. 139, Vintage Books, Random House 1982, ISBN 0-394-75303-8〕 This theory of balancing land is on record as early as the 5th century on maps by Macrobius.〔Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius, (''Zonenkarte'' ). Retrieved 7 July 2014.〕 The earliest recorded use of the word ''Australia'' in English was in 1625 in "A note of Australia del Espíritu Santo, written by Sir Richard Hakluyt", published by Samuel Purchas in ''Hakluytus Posthumus'', a corruption of the original Spanish name "Austrialia del Espiritu Santo" (Southern Land of the Holy Spirit)〔〔 for an island in Vanuatu.〔Purchas, vol. iv, pp. 1422–32, 1625. This appears to be variation of the original Spanish "Austrialia" .() A copy at the Library of Congress can be read online ().〕 The Dutch adjectival form ''Australische'' was used in a Dutch book in Batavia (Jakarta) in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. ''Australia'' was later used in a 1693 translation of ''Les Aventures de Jacques Sadeur dans la Découverte et le Voyage de la Terre Australe'', a 1676 French novel by Gabriel de Foigny, under the pen-name Jacques Sadeur.〔Baker, Sidney J. (1966) ''The Australian Language'', 2nd ed.〕 Referring to the entire South Pacific region, Alexander Dalrymple used it in ''An Historical Collection of Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean'' in 1771. By the end of the 18th century, the name was being used to refer specifically to Australia, with the botanists George Shaw and Sir James Smith writing of "the vast island, or rather continent, of Australia, Australasia or New Holland" in their 1793 ''Zoology and Botany of New Holland'', and James Wilson including it on a 1799 chart. The name ''Australia'' was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders, who pushed for it to be formally adopted as early as 1804. When preparing his manuscript and charts for his 1814 ''A Voyage to Terra Australis'', he was persuaded by his patron, Sir Joseph Banks, to use the term ''Terra Australis'' as this was the name most familiar to the public. Flinders did so, and published the following rationale: In the footnote to this Flinders wrote: This is the only occurrence of the word ''Australia'' in that text; but in Appendix III, Robert Brown's ''General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis'', Brown makes use of the adjectival form ''Australian'' throughout,—the first known use of that form. Despite popular conception, the book was not instrumental in the adoption of the name: the name came gradually to be accepted over the following ten years.〔Estensen, p. 450〕 The first time that the name Australia appears to have been officially used was in a despatch to Lord Bathurst of 4 April 1817 in which Governor Lachlan Macquarie acknowledges the receipt of Capt. Flinders' charts of Australia. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted.〔Weekend Australian, 30–31 December 2000, p. 16〕 In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as ''Australia''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Name of Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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